The topography of the environment alters the optimal search strategy for active particles [Physics]
![The topography of the environment alters the optimal search strategy for active particles [Physics]](/image/eyJ1cmkiOiJodHRwOi8vc3RhY2thZGVtaWMuaGVyb2t1YXBwLmNvbS9pbWFnZT9pbWFnZV9pZD0zMzU2OCIsImZvcm1hdCI6IndlYnAiLCJxdWFsaXR5IjoxMDAsIm5vQ2FjaGUiOnRydWV9.webp)
In environments with scarce resources, adopting the right search strategy can make the difference between succeeding and failing,
even between life and death. At different scales, this applies to molecular encounters in the cell cytoplasm, to animals looking
for food or mates in natural landscapes, to rescuers during search and rescue operations in disaster zones, and to genetic
computer algorithms exploring parameter spaces. When looking for sparse targets in a homogeneous environment, a combination
of ballistic and diffusive steps is considered optimal; in particular, more ballistic Lévy flights with exponent
α≤1 are generally believed to optimize the search process. However, most search spaces present complex topographies. What is
the best search strategy in these more realistic scenarios? Here, we show that the topography of the environment significantly
alters the optimal search strategy toward less ballistic and more Brownian strategies. We consider an active particle performing
a blind cruise search for nonregenerating sparse targets in a 2D space with steps drawn from a Lévy distribution with the
exponent varying from
α=1 to
α=2 (Brownian). We show that, when boundaries, barriers, and obstacles are present, the optimal search strategy depends on the
topography of the environment, with
α assuming intermediate values in the whole range under consideration. We interpret these findings using simple scaling arguments
and discuss their robustness to varying searcher’s size. Our results are relevant for search problems at different length
scales from animal and human foraging to microswimmers’ taxis to biochemical rates of reaction.
Publisher URL: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Pnas-RssFeedOfEarlyEditionArticles/~3/9InMcxu1YaI/1711371114.short
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711371114
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