American Journal of Pathology
American Journal of Pathology
4 years ago

Determinants of axon growth, plasticity, and regeneration in the context of spinal cord injury

The mechanisms that underlie recovery after injury of the central nervous system have rarely been definitively established. Axon re-growth remains the major prerequisite for plasticity, regeneration, circuit formation, and eventually functional recovery. The attributed functional relevance of axon regrowth however will depend on a number of subsequent conditional neurobiological modifications, including myelination and synapse formation but also pruning of aberrant connectivity. Despite the ability to revamp axon outgrowth by altering an increasing number of extracellular and intracellular targets, disentangling which axons are responsible for the recovery of function from those that are functionally silent, or even contributing to aberrant functions, remains a crucial link between enhancing axonal growth profiles to functional improvement. Anatomical hallmarks of regeneration are not static and are largely activity dependent. Here we survey mechanisms leading to the formation of dystrophic growth cone at the injured axonal tip, the subsequent axonal dieback, and the molecular determinants of axon growth, plasticity, and regeneration in the context of spinal cord injury.

Publisher URL: www.sciencedirect.com/science

DOI: S0002944017306326

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