Infection and Immunity
Infection and Immunity
4 years ago

Acquired protective immunity in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar against the myxozoan, Kudoa thyrsites, involves induction of MHIIβ(+)/CD83(+) antigen presenting cells.

Braden, Ellis, Whyte, Mahony, Rasmussen, Purcell, Fast, Jones, Cho
The histozoic myxozoan parasite Kudoa thyrsites causes post-mortem myoliquefaction and is responsible for economic losses to salmon aquaculture in the Pacific Northwest. Despite its importance, little is known about the host-parasite relationship, including the host response to infection. The present work sought to characterize the immune response in Atlantic salmon during infection, recovery and re-exposure to K. thyrsites After exposure to infective seawater, infected and uninfected smolts were sampled three times over 4275 degree-days. Histological analysis revealed infection severity decreased over time in exposed fish while in controls there was no evidence of infection. Following a secondary exposure of all fish, severity of infection in the controls was similar to that measured in exposed fish at the first sampling time, but was significantly reduced in re-exposed fish, suggesting the acquisition of protective immunity. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected a population of MHIIβ(+) cells in infected muscle that followed a pattern of abundance concordant with parasite prevalence. Infiltration of these cells into infected myocytes preceded destruction of the plasmodium and dissemination of myxospores. Dual-labelling indicated a majority of these cells were CD83(+)/MHIIβ(+) Using RT-qPCR, we detected significant induction of cellular effectors including macrophage/dendritic cells (mhii/cd83/mcsf), B cells (igm/igt), and cytotoxic T cells (cd8/nkl) in the musculature of infected fish. These data support a role for cellular effectors such as antigen presenting cells (monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cells) along with B and T cells in the acquired protective immune response of Atlantic salmon against K. thyrsites.

Publisher URL: http://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00556-17

DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00556-17

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