Advanced Energy Materials
Advanced Energy Materials
5 years ago

3D Printable Ceramic–Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Thermal Stability

3D Printable Ceramic–Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Thermal Stability
Michael F. Durstock, Hong Huang, Ryan R. Kohlmeyer, Aaron J. Blake, John Daniel Berrigan, James O. Hardin, Benji Maruyama, Eric A. Carmona
This study establishes an approach to 3D print Li-ion battery electrolytes with controlled porosity using a dry phase inversion method. This ink formulation utilizes poly(vinyldene fluoride) in a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (good solvent) and glycerol (weak nonsolvent) to generate porosity during a simple drying step. When a nanosized Al2O3 filler is included in the ink, uniform sub-micrometer pore formation is attained. In other words, no additional processing steps such as coagulation baths, stretching, or etching are required for full functionality of the electrolyte, which makes it a viable candidate to enable completely additively manufactured Li-ion batteries. Compared to commercial polyolefin separators, these electrolytes demonstrate comparable high rate electrochemical performance (e.g., 5 C), but possess better wetting characteristics and enhanced thermal stability. Additionally, this dry phase inversion method can be extended to printable composite electrodes, yielding enhanced flexibility and electrochemical performance over electrodes prepared with only good solvent. Finally, sequentially printing this electrolyte ink over a composite electrode via a direct write extrusion technique has been demonstrated while maintaining expected functionality in both layers. These ink formulations are an enabling step toward completely printed batteries and can allow direct integration of a flexible power source in restricted device areas or on nonplanar surfaces. A 3D printable Li-ion battery electrolyte with desirable thermal stability, wettability, and electrochemical properties is demonstrated based upon a dry phase inversion technique. The unique characteristics of the electrolyte ink enable the ability to directly deposit this material over an electrode, yielding a high-performance printed electrode membrane assembly.

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201602920

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