International Journal of Nursing Studies
International Journal of Nursing Studies
5 years ago

How long should local warming for venodilation be used for peripheral intravenous cannulation? A prospective observational study

Local warming is one of the most common venodilation techniques for achieving peripheral intravenous cannulation, but the time of application is unclear. Objective To compare the effectiveness of local warming applied for 5, 10, and 15minutes. Design A prospective, observational study. Setting A university in Japan. Participants In total, 40 healthy female volunteers aged 20–45 years were recruited via e-mail. Methods Participants received 15minutes of local warming with a warmed heat pack (40±2°C). The primary outcomes were cross-sectional area of the target vein at 5, 10, and 15minutes of warming, which was measured after the intervention by blinded review using ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included forearm target site temperature at 5, 10, and 15minutes of local warming, which was measured with a temperature sensor and handheld thermometer. Results Compared to outcomes before local warming, vein cross-sectional area at 5, 10, and 15minutes of warming significantly (p <0.001) increased by 2.8, 2.9, and 2.3mm2. The target site temperature increased by 6.9°C, 6.4°C, and 6.0°C, respectively. However, no significant differences were found in cross-sectional area among the time points of 5, 10, and 15minutes of local warming. The target site temperature at 15minutes of local warming was significantly (p < 0.001) different than that at 5 and 10minutes. No adverse events occurred with local warming. Conclusion Compared with outcomes before local warming, vein size after warming for 5, 10, and 15minutes was significantly larger. No significant differences were found in vein size among the time points of 5, 10, and 15minutes of local warming. Our result demonstrated the effectiveness of shorter-duration (5minutes) local warming for inducing venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation.

Publisher URL: www.sciencedirect.com/science

DOI: S0020748917302572

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