Developmental Neurobiology
Developmental Neurobiology
5 years ago

The axonal endoplasmic reticulum: One organelle - many functions in development, maintenance and plasticity

Francisca Bertin, Javiera Gallardo, Víctor Hugo Cornejo, Andrés Couve, Alejandro Luarte
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly conserved in eukaryotes and neurons. Indeed, the localization of the organelle in axons has been known for nearly half a century. However, the relevance the axonal ER is only beginning to emerge. In this review we discuss the structure of the ER in axons, examining the role of ER-shaping proteins and highlighting reticulons. We analyze the multiple functions of the ER and their potential contribution to axonal physiology. First we examine the emerging roles of the axonal ER in lipid synthesis, protein translation, processing, quality control and secretory trafficking of transmembrane proteins. We also review the impact of the ER on calcium dynamics, focusing on intracellular mechanisms and functions. We describe the interactions between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we analyze available proteomic data of axonal preparations to reveal the dynamic functionality of the ER in axons during development. We suggest that the dynamic proteome and a validated axonal interactome, together with state-of-the-art methodologies, may provide interesting research avenues in axon physiology that may extend to pathology and regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22560

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