Stereocontrolled Nucleophilic Addition to Five-Membered Oxocarbenium Ions Directed by the Protecting Groups. Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)-Varitriol and of Two Diastereoisomers Thereof

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Stereocontrolled Nucleophilic Addition to Five-Membered Oxocarbenium Ions Directed by the Protecting Groups. Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)-Varitriol and of Two Diastereoisomers Thereof

Marcos Hernández-Rodríguez, William H. García-Santos, Howard Díaz-Salazar, Alejandro Cordero-Vargas, Alma Sánchez-Eleuterio

A stereodivergent C-glycosidation of carbohydrate-derived lactones can be mediated by the protecting groups and applied to the total synthesis of (+)-varitriol and of two diastereoisomers thereof, which represent an unprecedent use of the protecting groups in the synthesis of a naturally occurring compound. In particular, the stereoselective nucleophile attack for 2,3-trans-substituted five-membered ring oxocarbenium ions is strongly influenced by the presence of aromatic rings in the protecting groups. According to quantum chemical calculations, the stereoselectvity depends on the π–π interactions between the aromatic ring of the C-2 protecting group with the exocyclic triple bond and the oxocarbenium ion. These interactions account for the stabilization of the conformer in which the C-2 and C-3 substituents adopt pseudoaxial orientations. When protecting groups do not contain an aromatic ring, the sterochemical outcome is dictated by stereoelectronic factors established by the Woerpel’s model. Based on these findings, a concise total synthesis of the natural product (+)-varitriol and of two diastereoisomers was acomplished.

Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b01211

DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01211