Habitat use and preference of adult perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) in a deep reservoir: variations with seasons, water levels and individuals

Abstract

Perch Perca fluviatilis is a widespread predator in European reservoirs, frequent in open waters but also known to spend a lot of time in the littoral zones. To get insight into how adult perch used and selected their habitat in an environment subject to water-level (WL) fluctuations, 21 perch were continuously tracked using acoustic telemetry over 2 years in the Bariousses Reservoir (France). The different available habitats were characterized by depth classes and substrate types, presence of emerging trees and presence of tree stumps in the littoral zone. We showed that perch habitat preferences were strongly dependent on the season, except for substrate type, and in line with their habitat use. Surprisingly we did not find any influence of the WL which, however, reduced the structural complexity of the littoral zone when lowering. In spring and summer, whatever the WL, we observed a strong preference for the littoral zone and complex habitats. In autumn and winter, perch migrated into deeper waters. However, the individual variability of the habitat preferences was quite high. This type of research helps to understand the spatial ecology of fish and provides useful guidance to hydromorphological restoration for fish populations.