Integrative approaches in HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor design

5 years ago

Integrative approaches in HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor design

Murugesan Vanangamudi, Jan Kihlberg, Hadi Al Shamaileh, N Arul Murugan, Rakesh N Veedu, Vigneshwaran Namasivayam, Vasanthanathan Poongavanam

The design of inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) is one of the most successful approaches for the treatment of HIV infections. Among the HIV-1 RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) constitute a prominent drug class, which includes nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine, and rilpivirine approved for clinical use. However, the efficiency of many of these drugs has been undermined by drug-resistant variants of HIV-1 RT, and it therefore becomes inevitable to design novel drugs to cope with resistance. Here, we discuss various drug design strategies, which include traditional medicinal chemistry, computational chemistry, and chemical biology approaches. In particular, computational modeling approaches, including machine learning, empirical descriptors-based, force-field, ab initio, and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics-based methods are discussed in detail. We foresee that these methods will have a major impact on efforts to guide the design and discovery of the next generation of NNRTIs that combat RT multidrug resistance. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Drug resistance is increasing in NNRTI-based HIV therapy, and this challenge needs to be met with integrative approaches.

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1328