British Journal of Dermatology
British Journal of Dermatology
5 years ago

先天性黑色素细胞痣的激光疗法:系统性评述

C.A.M. Eggen, J. Limpens, E.J. Zuuren, J.E. Lommerts, S.G.M.A. Pasmans, A. Wolkerstorfer
大多数人的皮肤上都有几个褐斑,我们称之为黑色素细胞痣或痣。痣对人体无害,但偶尔可能转化为潜在致死性肿瘤,也就是恶性黑色素瘤。先天性黑色素细胞痣(CMN)在婴儿出生时就存在,或者在出生后第一周逐渐形成。先天性痣,尤其是尺寸较大并长于明显部位的痣对于那些对自己的容貌不满意的人来说是个巨大的负担。此外,拥有CMN(尤其是较大的CMN)的患者患上恶性黑色素瘤的风险也会增加。拥有CMN的患者罹患恶性黑色素瘤的风险被认为在0.7%至2.9%之间。通过手术摘除CMN以降低黑色素瘤的风险是一种常见的疗法,但尚未有证据能够证明这种疗法能够降低黑色素瘤的风险。CMN可能过大因而无法完全切除,而且切除手术可能会引起瘢痕。因此近年来,科学家们探索了其他的治疗方法,包括使用激光来消除CMN。这种做法存在争议,主要是因为缺乏证据证明其功效,以及安全性方面的考虑。一些人表示,激光可以通过减少黑色素块来降低恶性肿瘤的风险,而另一些人则担心激光损伤可能会引发潜在癌症。这项在荷兰开展的研究旨在评述用于消除CMN所采用的不同类型的激光的功效和安全性。研究人员发现,医院使用着大量的激光设备和激光组合来治疗先天性痣。一些低质量证据证明CMN的激光治疗在短期内有效且安全,但发生瘢痕、色素再生(色素又重现)和并发症的几率较高。我们需要进行更多高质量的研究,以切实回答有关CMN的激光治疗的功效和安全性问题。

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16315

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