Molecular analysis of point mutations in a barley genome exposed to MNU and gamma rays

5 years ago

Molecular analysis of point mutations in a barley genome exposed to MNU and gamma rays

We present studies aimed at determining the types and frequencies of mutations induced in the barley genome after treatment with chemical (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, MNU) and physical (gamma rays) mutagens. We created M2 populations of a doubled haploid line and used them for the analysis of mutations in targeted DNA sequences and over an entire barley genome using TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique, respectively. Based on the TILLING analysis of the total DNA sequence of 4,537,117bp in the MNU population, the average mutation density was estimated as 1/504kb. Only one nucleotide change was found after an analysis of 3,207,444bp derived from the highest dose of gamma rays applied. MNU was clearly a more efficient mutagen than gamma rays in inducing point mutations in barley. The majority (63.6%) of the MNU-induced nucleotide changes were transitions, with a similar number of G>A and C>T substitutions. The similar share of G>A and C>T transitions indicates a lack of bias in the repair of O⁶-methylguanine lesions between DNA strands. There was, however, a strong specificity of the nucleotide surrounding the O⁶-meG at the −1 position. Purines formed 81% of nucleotides observed at the −1 site. Scanning the barley genome with AFLP markers revealed ca. a three times higher level of AFLP polymorphism in MNU-treated as compared to the gamma-irradiated population. In order to check whether AFLP markers can really scan the whole barley genome for mutagen-induced polymorphism, 114 different AFLP products, were cloned and sequenced. 94% of bands were heterogenic, with some bands containing up to 8 different amplicons. The polymorphic AFLP products were characterised in terms of their similarity to the records deposited in a GenBank database. The types of sequences present in the polymorphic bands reflected the organisation of the barley genome.

Highlights

► MNU and γ rays revealed 2.2 and 0.3 mutations per 1Mb of gene sequences. ► The majority (63.6%) of the MNU-induced nucleotide changes were transitions. ► The nucleotide composition surrounding the methylated guanine was checked. ► We obtained higher level of AFLP polymorphism in MNU-treated population. ► The types of identified sequences reflected the organisation of the barley genome.

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DOI: S0027510712002035