Analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood in screening for aneuploidies: updated meta-analysis

5 years ago

Analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood in screening for aneuploidies: updated meta-analysis

B. Santacruz, M. M. Gil, K. H. Nicolaides, M. N. Plana, V. Accurti

Objectives To review clinical validation or implementation studies of maternal blood cell-free (cf) DNA analysis and define the performance of screening for fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA). Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were performed to identify all peer-reviewed articles on cfDNA testing in screening for aneuploidies between January 2011, when the first such study was published, and 31 December 2016. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed study reporting on clinical validation or implementation of maternal cfDNA testing in screening for aneuploidies, in which data on pregnancy outcome were provided for more than 85% of the study population. We excluded case–control studies, proof-of-principle articles and studies in which the laboratory scientists carrying out the tests were aware of fetal karyotype or pregnancy outcome. Pooled detection rates (DRs) and false-positive rates (FPRs) were calculated using bivariate random-effects regression models. Results In total, 35 relevant studies were identified and these were used for the meta-analysis on the performance of cfDNA testing in screening for aneuploidies. These studies reported cfDNA results in relation to fetal karyotype from invasive testing or clinical outcome. In the combined total of 1963 cases of trisomy 21 and 223 932 non-trisomy 21 singleton pregnancies, the weighted pooled DR and FPR were 99.7% (95% CI, 99.1–99.9%) and 0.04% (95% CI, 0.02–0.07%), respectively. In a total of 563 cases of trisomy 18 and 222 013 non-trisomy 18 singleton pregnancies, the weighted pooled DR and FPR were 97.9% (95% CI, 94.9–99.1%) and 0.04% (95% CI, 0.03–0.07%), respectively. In a total of 119 cases of trisomy 13 and 212 883 non-trisomy 13 singleton pregnancies, the weighted pooled DR and FPR were 99.0% (95% CI, 65.8–100%) and 0.04% (95% CI, 0.02–0.07%), respectively. In a total of 36 cases of monosomy X and 7676 unaffected singleton pregnancies, the weighted pooled DR and FPR were 95.8% (95% CI, 70.3–99.5%) and 0.14% (95% CI, 0.05–0.38%), respectively. In a combined total of 17 cases of SCA other than monosomy X and 5400 unaffected singleton pregnancies, the weighted pooled DR and FPR were 100% (95% CI, 83.6–100%) and 0.004% (95% CI, 0.0–0.08%), respectively. For twin pregnancies, in a total of 24 cases of trisomy 21 and 1111 non-trisomy 21 cases, the DR was 100% (95% CI, 95.2–100%) and FPR was 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0–0.003%), respectively. Conclusions Screening by analysis of cfDNA in maternal blood in singleton pregnancies could detect > 99% of fetuses with trisomy 21, 98% of trisomy 18 and 99% of trisomy 13 at a combined FPR of 0.13%. The number of reported cases of SCA is too small for accurate assessment of performance of screening. In twin pregnancies, performance of screening for trisomy 21 is encouraging but the number of cases reported is small. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Análisis del ADN fetal en sangre materna para la detección de aneuploidías: un metaanálisis actualizado Objetivos Revisar estudios clínicos de validación o de implementación de análisis de ADN fetal (cfDNA, por sus siglas en inglés) en la sangre materna y definir el desempeño de la detección de las trisomías fetales 21, 18 y 13 y las aneuploidías de los cromosomas sexuales (SCA, por sus siglas en inglés). Métodos Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, EMBASE y The Cochrane Library para identificar todos los artículos revisados por pares sobre pruebas de cfDNA para la detección de aneuploidías entre enero de 2011, cuando se publicó el primer estudio, y el 31 de diciembre de 2016. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios revisados por pares sobre la validación o la implementación clínica de pruebas de cfDNA materno en la detección de aneuploidías, en los que se proporcionaban datos sobre los resultados del embarazo para más del 85% de la población estudiada. Se excluyeron los estudios de casos y controles, los artículos sobre estudios de viabilidad y los estudios donde los científicos de laboratorio que realizaron las pruebas, conocían el cariotipo fetal o el resultado del embarazo. Las tasas combinadas de detección (TD) y de falsos positivos (TFP) se calcularon utilizando modelos de regresión bivariantes de efectos aleatorios. Resultados En total, se identificaron 35 estudios relevantes que se usaron para el metaanálisis sobre el desempeño de la prueba de cfDNA en la detección de aneuploidías. Estos estudios informaron sobre los resultados del cfDNA en relación con el cariotipo fetal a partir de pruebas invasivas o resultados clínicos. En el total combinado de 1963 casos de trisomía 21 y 223 932 embarazos con feto único sin trisomía 21, las TD y TFP ponderadas combinadas fueron del 99,7% (IC 95%, 99,1–99,9%) y del 0,04% (IC 95%, 0,02–0,07 %), respectivamente. En un total de 563 casos de trisomía 18 y 222 013 embarazos con feto único sin t

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Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1002/uog.17484