Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
5 years ago

Synthesized enone fatty acids resembling metabolites from gut microbiota suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipocytes

Synthesized enone fatty acids resembling metabolites from gut microbiota suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipocytes
Ryuji Kitano-Ohue, Shigenobu Kishino, Yongjia Li, Ana Yuliana, Teruo Kawada, Nahoko Kitamura, Si-Bum Park, Chu-Sook Kim, Wataru Nomura, Rina Yu, Ha-Eun Yang, Jun Ogawa, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Goto, Huei-Fen Jheng, Akira Nishimura
Scope Recent reports indicate that gut microbiota and their metabolites may regulate host inflammatory conditions, including the chronic inflammation of obese adipose tissues. In this study, we investigated whether specific synthesized fatty acids, identical to the metabolites generated by gut microbiota, act as anti-inflammatory factors in obesity-induced inflammation. Methods and results We first used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of fatty acids synthesized to resemble representative polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites from gut microbiota. Fatty acids containing an enone structure showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. Enone fatty acids also displayed anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages cocultured with hypertrophied 3T3-L1 or immortalized primary adipocytes; and macrophages stimulated with 3T3-L1 adipocyte conditioned medium. Consistently, the beneficial outcome was revealed in the case of LPS- and obesity-induced inflammatory cytokine stimulation in ex vivo adipose tissues. Furthermore, these fatty acids recovered the suppression of β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated uncoupling protein 1 expression and secretion of adiponectin in C3H10T1/2 and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively, under inflammatory conditions, suggesting that enone fatty acids can ameliorate dysfunctions of adipocytes induced by inflammation. Conclusion These findings indicate that synthesized enone fatty acids show potent anti-inflammatory effects, leading to the improvement of inflammation-induced dysfunctions in adipocytes. The presented findings show that synthesized enone fatty acid identical to metabolites generated by gut microbiota from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids have potent anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and adipocytes in vitro and ex vivo, leading to the improvement of inflammation-induced adipocytes dysfunctions.

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700064

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