F1000Research
F1000Research
5 years ago

Recent advances in high-throughput approaches to dissect enhancer function [version 1; referees: 3 approved]

Alexandre España, Lan T.M. Dao, David Santiago-Algarra, Lydie Pradel, Salvatore Spicuglia
The regulation of gene transcription in higher eukaryotes is accomplished through the involvement of transcription start site (TSS)-proximal (promoters) and -distal (enhancers) regulatory elements. It is now well acknowledged that enhancer elements play an essential role during development and cell differentiation, while genetic alterations in these elements are a major cause of human disease. Many strategies have been developed to identify and characterize enhancers. Here, we discuss recent advances in high-throughput approaches to assess enhancer activity, from the well-established massively parallel reporter assays to the recent clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based technologies. We highlight how these approaches contribute toward a better understanding of enhancer function, eventually leading to the discovery of new types of regulatory sequences, and how the alteration of enhancers can affect transcriptional regulation.

Publisher URL: https://f1000research.com/articles/6-939/v1

DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11581.1

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