Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology
5 years ago

Characterization of the human DNA gut virome across populations with different subsistence strategies and geographical origin

Matteo Soverini, Marco Candela, Giorgio Gallinella, Simone Rampelli, Sara Quercia, Silvia Turroni, Patrizia Brigidi, Elena Biagi, Monica Barone, Andrea Castagnetti, Stephanie L. Schnorr
It is a matter of fact that the human gut microbiome also includes a non-bacterial fraction represented by eukaryotic cells and viruses. To further explore the gut microbiome variation in human populations, here we characterized the human DNA viral community from publicly available gut metagenome datasets from human populations with different geographical origin and lifestyle. In particular, such datasets encompass microbiome information from two western urban societies (USA and Italy), as well as two traditional hunter-gatherer communities (the Hadza from Tanzania and Matses from Peru) and one pre-agricultural tribe (Tunapuco from Peru). Our results allowed for the first taxonomic reconstruction of the complex viral metacommunities within the human gut. The core virome structure included herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, adenoviruses and anelloviruses. Using Random Forests and a co-occurrence analysis approach, we identified the viruses that distinguished populations according to their geographical origin and/or lifestyle. This paves the way for new research aimed at investigating the biological role of the gut virome in human physiology, and the importance of our viral counterpart in the microbiome-host co-evolutionary process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi

DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13938

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